Dairy

Milk is produced in all 50 U.S. states. While the number of dairy farms and level of milk consumption has declined in recent years, there are still many opportunities for small-scale dairy producers.

Dairy production has many challenges, such as increasing costs of production, meeting the nutritional needs of animals, labor, and regulations around selling milk and dairy products. Despite these challenges, there are many niches that can make dairy farming profitable, including grass-based cow dairies, locally bottled milk, artisan cheeses, ice cream, soaps, and many other value-added dairy products.

Dairy goats and dairy sheep are well-suited for small farms. NCAT’s practical ATTRA resources provide information on sustainable and organic production of dairy cattle, goats, and sheep. 

A woman touches her dairy cows

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Staff Expert

Margo Hale

Margo Hale

Lee Rinehart

Lee Rinehart

dairy goat with offspring on pasture
jars of milk and a bowl of cheeseNCAT
vacas en un pasto
Dairy cows on pasture
Livestock
photo collage showing Geese, Goats, Pigs, Chickens, an Apiary, and a Cow
catttle and sheep grazing
Cali, Alicia, Caraamel, and Rosie Petunia
A woman touches her dairy cows
Sheep in a cradle during an ATTRA trainingNCAT